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To derive equivalent wind conditions for highway noise measurements, it is necessary to first resolve the wind vector - that is, wind speed and direction - into components that are parallel and perpendicular to the highway as shown in the illustration. Only the vector component perpendicular to the highway is of interest. If this component blows from the highway to the receiver as shown, the wind vector component is positive by convention and is called a downwind component.
A wind vector component that blows from the receiver towards the highway is negative and is called an upwind component.
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