Abutment - A stone, concrete, brick, or timber structure supporting the end of a span.

Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) - An independent federal agency that provides a forum for influencing federal policy, programs, and activities as they affect historic and archaeological resources in communities and on public lands nationwide.

Alluvium - Deposits resulting from the operations of water, including floodplains, lakes, rivers, and fans at the foot of mountain slopes.

Anchorage - An assemblage of material designed to hold in correct position the anchor span of a cantilever bridge or the end of a suspension span cable.

Attainment area - An area that meets air quality standards.

Attenuation - The reduction of sound.

Bay Area Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) - An agency with the California Environmental Protection Agency that is responsible for regulating pollutants to protect the water resources of the Bay Area.

Bay mud - soft to stiff silty clay with some shell fragments that is found in the Bay. It is generally unsuitable for structure foundations.

Bedrock - Solid rock that underlies all soil, sand, clay, gravel, and loose material on the earth’s surface.

Bent - A bridge support column founded on land.

Borrow - Earth brought in from another location to be used as fill material.

Bracing - A system of tension or compression member that supports a truss or frame.

Cable - The part of a bridge that has the function of receiving the bridge floor loads and transmitting them to the towers and the anchorages.

Cable-stayed span - A span that involves steel cables that connect towers directly to support the bridge deck.

California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) - The state agency that manages California’s fish, wildlife, and plant resources.

Candidate species - Any species of fish, wildlife, or plant which has been determined to be candidate for listing under Section 4 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (amended).

Cantilever span - A general term applying to a bridge having a superstructure of the cantilever type (supported at one end only).

Cofferdam - A temporary water-tight enclosure built in the water and pumped dry to expose the bottom so that construction of piers can be undertaken.

Column - A supporting pillar.

Contaminant source - A facility that treats, stores, or disposes of hazardous waste, uses hazardous substances, or stores petroleum products on site.

Cultural resources - Archaeological and historic resources eligible for or listed on the National Register of Historic Places that could potentially be affected by a given project. Cultural resources include buildings, sites, districts, structures, or objects having historical, architectural, archaeological, cultural, or scientific importance.

Cumulative impact - The impact on the environment that results from the incremental impact of the action when added to other past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions.

Day-Night Equivalent Sound Level (Ldn) - A 24-hour equivalent sound level with a 10 dB penalty assessed to noise events occurring at night (10:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m.).

dBA - A sound level in decibels, measured with a sound level meter having metering characteristics and frequency weighting specified in American National Standard Specifications for sound level meters ANSI S1.4-1971. It is common to refer to numerical units of an A-weighted sound level as "dBA."

Deck - The portion of a bridge which provides direct support for vehicular and pedestrian traffic.

Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) - A draft report that analyzes potential environmental effects of a proposed project in compliance with NEPA.

Dredged Material Management Office (DMMO) - An interagency coordination group, consisting of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission, and the Regional Water Quality Control Board, that determines the eligibility of in-Bay disposal for dredged materials.

Edge truss -Horizontal trusswork that is extended from the base of a lower deck to the bottom of an upper deck.

Endangered species - Any species of fish, wildlife, or plant which has been determined to be endangered under Section 4 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (amended). This definition is adopted from the USFWS, Section 7 regulations, 51 FR 19926.

Equivalent Sound Level (L_eq) - A measure of sound energy over a period of time, or a sound level which, in a stated period of time, would contain the same acoustical energy as the time-varying sound during the same period.

Expansion joint - A joint designed to provide means for expansion and contraction movements produced by temperature changes, loadings, or other means.

4 (f) resources - Public park and recreation lands, wildlife and waterfowl refuges, and historic sites.

Falsework - A temporary wooden or metal framework built to support without appreciable settlement and deformation the weight of a structure during the period of its construction.

Federal Transit Administration (FTA) - The federal agency that provides financial and technical assistance to local transit systems. It also assists in the development of local and regional traffic reduction programs.

Fill - Earth used to create embankments or to raise low-lying areas in order to bring them to grade.

Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) - A report that analyzes potential environmental effects of an identified preferred alternative and responds to comments received on the DEIS.

Floodplain - The part of the ground surface inundated with water on a recurring basis, usually associated with the one percent recurrence interval (100-year) flow.

Footing - The enlarged, or spread-out, lower portion of a substructure, which distributes the structure load either to the earth or to supporting piles.

Foundation - The supporting material upon which the substructure portion of a bridge is placed.

Franciscan Formation - Bedrock that is approximately 90 to 160 million years old. It is composed of sandstone and shale and is generally highly weathered.

General plan - A document that contains policies and action for implementation of the goals of a community.

Geomorphic - Of the Earth’s surface configuration.

Girder - A horizontal beam used as a main support for a structure.

Grade - A slope or gradual incline.

Groundwater - Water beneath the earth’s surface between saturated soil and rock that supplies wells and springs.

Haunched girder - An arched beam used between support piers.

High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) - A "carpool" or vehicle occupied by two or more persons.

High Occupancy Vehicle Lane. (HOV Lane) - A system of exclusive lanes signed and striped for use by vehicles with multiple occupants (two or more persons) or ridership. HOV lanes are designed on roadways to reduce traffic congestion, improve safety, reduce fuel consumption, and improve air quality.

Inundation - The act of covering with water.

Isolator bearing - A bearing developed to protect structures against earthquake damage. Under seismic loading, the bearing becomes more flexible and allows it to isolate the bridge from the effects of earthquake motion.

Landscape unit - A geographically distinct portion of an area that has a particular visual character.

Lateral bracing - The horizontal bracing assemblage engaging the inclined end posts of truss and the flanges of plate girders. Its function is to help the structure resist wind, lateral vibration, and traffic movement tending to produce lateral movement and deformation.

Lattice work - A structure made of lattices that is used to secure another structure in place.

Level of Service (LOS) - The operating level of an intersection or roadway segment can be described using the term Level of Service. Level of Service is a qualitative description of operation based on delay and maneuverability. It can range from "A" representing free flow conditions to "F" representing gridlock.

Lifeline - A connection that provides for post-earthquake relief access linking major population centers, emergency relief routes, emergency supply and staging centers, and intermodal links to major distribution centers.

Maintenance area - An area that had previously been designated a non-attainment area, but now meets applicable air quality standards.

Maximum Credible Earthquake (MCE) - The largest earthquake reasonably capable of occurring based on current geological knowledge.

Metamorphic - Pertaining to an alternation in composition, texture, or structure of rock masses caused by great heat of pressure.

Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) - The transportation planning, coordinating, and financing agency for the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area. It functions both as the region’s metropolitan transportation planning agency (RTPA) and as the region’s metropolitan planning organization (MPO)—state and federal designations, respectively.

Mitigation - Measures taken to minimize adverse environmental impacts. Mitigation could reduce the magnitude and extent of an impact from a level of significance to a level of insignificance.

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) - The United States’ basic national charter for protection of the environment. It establishes policy, sets goals, and provides means for carrying out the policy.

National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 - The primary federal law pertaining to protection of cultural resources, referred to as Section 106.

National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) - The part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration that oversees the Administration’s programs which support the domestic and international conservation and management of living marine resources.

National Register eligible - Cultural resources eligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places.

National Register of Historic Places - A federal listing of historic resources protected under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966.

Navigation channel - The area of water used for marine vessel travel.

Non-attainment area - An area that does not meet air quality standards.

Noise Abatement Criteria - Noise level standards above which noise reducing actions should be considered.

Outfall - The place where a sewer, drain, or stream discharges.

Pier - A structure composed of stone, concrete, brick, steel or wood and built in shaft or block-like form to support the ends of the spans of a multi-span superstructure at an intermediate location between its abutments.

Pile - A heavy beam driven into the earth as a foundation or support for a structure.

Pile cap - The topmost portion of a pier. On rigid frame piers, the term applies to the beam across the column tops.

Portal - The clear unobstructed space of a through bridge forming the entrance to the structure.

Right-of-way - Land dedicated to the transportation facility.

Riparian - An aquatic or terrestrial ecosystem that is associated with bodies of water, such as streams, lakes, or wetlands, or is dependent upon the existence of perennial, intermittent, or ephemeral surface or subsurface water drainage. Riparian areas are usually characterized by dense vegetation and an abundance and diversity of wildlife.

Riprap - Brickbats, stones, blocks of concrete or other materials deposited upon shores to prevent erosion and scour by water flow.

San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC) - The state agency responsible for preventing the unnecessary filling of the San Francisco Bay and for increasing public access to and along the Bay shoreline. The BCDC is also the federally designated state coastal management agency for the San Francisco Bay segment of the California coastal zone authorized under the federal Coastal Zone Management Act.

Self-anchored suspension bridge - A suspension bridge where cables are anchored in the bridge deck itself, eliminating the need for traditional anchorage structures.

Shoal - A place in a body of water where the water is particularly shallow.

Silt - A sedimentary material consisting of fine mineral particles in size between sand and clay.

Skyway span - A span that is supported from under the bridge deck by piers.

Special status species - Any species of fish, wildlife, or plant that is officially listed as rare, threatened, or endangered or candidate for rare, threatened, or endangered species listing under the state or federal Endangered Species Acts.

Spit - A narrow point of land extending into a body of water.

State Implementation Plan (SIP) - A plan for attaining national ambient air quality standards required by the Clean Air Act.

State Office of Historic Preservation - The state agency that assists private citizens, private institutions, local governments, and state and federal agencies in the identification, evaluation, protection, and enhancement of properties significant in California history and archaeology; also responsible for reviewing federal undertakings that affect cultural resources on or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places.

Stress - An applied force or system of forces that tends to strain or deform a body.

Substructure - The abutments, piers, grillage or other constructions built to support the span or spans of a bridge.

Superelevation - The transverse inclination of the roadway surface within a horizontal curve. The purpose of superelevation is to provide a means of resisting or overcoming the centrifugal forces of vehicles in transit.

Superstructure - The entire portion of the bridge structure which primarily receives and supports highway, railway or other traffic loads.

Surface runoff - Water that runs off of streets and land and enters a body of water.

Suspension bridge - A span where cables are draped from towers and connected to anchorages on either side of the bridge.

Tectonic - Pertaining to structural deformations in the earth’s surface.

Tower - A pier or frame serving to support the cables of a bridge at the end of a span.

Transportation Demand Management (TDM) - Strategies or techniques to decrease single occupant vehicle traffic on streets by encouraging the use of carpools, transit ridership, bicycle travel, and telecommuting.

Transportation Management Plan - A plan to manage traffic during construction of projects to reduce congestion.

Transportation System Management (TsM) - Strategies or techniques to increase the capacity of a transportation system through relatively low-cost improvements.

Trestle - A framework consisting of vertical, slanted supports and horizontal crosspieces supporting a bridge.

Truss - A jointed structure having an open built web construction so arranged that the frame is divided into a series of triangular figures.

Tsunamis - Seismically induced sea waves that are generated when large subsea earth or rock masses are displaced during earthquakes or very large landslides.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) - Federal agency with jurisdiction over waters of the U.S.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - The federal agency responsible for maintaining environmental quality, including air quality, noise, and hazardous waste management.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) - The federal agency that administers the federal Endangered Species Act and is involved in protection of fish and wildlife habitat, including wetland areas.

Viaduct - A series of spans or arches used to carry a road or railroad over a wide valley or over other roads or railroads.

Visual dominance - The contrast between a project and their setting described in terms of vegetation, landform, and structural changes.

Visual image type - An area that exhibits a fairly homogeneous visual quality. Types that are present in the SFOBB study area include recreational, industrial, institutional/military, historical, and open space.

Watershed - That part of the earth’s surface from which storm water runoff flows to a single point.

Waterway - The available width for the passage of water beneath a bridge.

Wetlands - According to regulations of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, wetlands are areas that are inundated or saturated by surface water or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, under normal conditions, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, and similar areas and are subject to protection under Executive Order 11990 and Section 404 of the Clean Water Act.

AADT Average Annual Daily Traffic

AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

ABAG Association of Bay Area Governments

AC Transit Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District

ACHP Advisory Council on Historic Preservation

ACOE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

ADA Americans with Disabilities Act

ADT Average Daily Traffic

APE Area of Potential Effect

APCD Air Pollution Control District

AQMD Air Quality Management District

ASR Archaeological Survey Report

BAAQMD Bay Area Air Quality Management District

BART Bay Area Rapid Transit District

BCDC San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission

BEQ Bachelors Enlisted Quarters

BMPs Best Management Practices

BRAC Base Reuse and Closure

Btu British thermal unit

CAA Federal Clean Air Act

Caltrans California Department of Transportation

CARB California Air Resources Board

CCAA California Clean Air Act

CCSF City and County of San Francisco

CDFG California Department of Fish and Game

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability

CEQA California Environmental Quality Act

CESA California Endangered Species Act

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CHP California Highway Patrol

CNDDB California Natural Diversity Database

CNPS California Native Plant Survey

CO Carbon Monoxide

CSHC California Streets and Highways Code

CZMA Coastal Zone Management Act

dB Decibel

dBA A-weighted decibel

dBA Leq A-weighted decibel equivalent sound level

DEIS Draft Environmental Impact Statement

DHS State of California Department of Health Services

DMMO Dredged Material Management Office

DOD Department of Defense

DTSC California Department of Toxic Substance Control

EBMUD East Bay Municipal Utility District

EBRPD East Bay Regional Park District

EDAP MTC Bay Bridge Design Task Force Engineering and Design Advisory Panel

EIR Environmental Impact Report

EIS Environmental Impact Statement

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

ESU Evolutionary Significant Unit

FAA Federal Aviation Administration

FCWA Federal Clean Water Act

FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency

FHWA Federal Highway Administration

FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act

FISC Fleet and Industrial Supply Center

ft Foot or feet

FTA Federal Transit Administration

FWPCA Federal Water Pollution Control Act

ha Hectare or hectares

HABS Historic American Building Survey

HAER Historic American Engineering Record

HASR Historic Architecture Survey Report

HOV High Occupancy Vehicle

HPSR Historic Properties Survey Report

HUD Department of Housing and Urban Development

HWIS Hazardous Waste Information System

I-80 Interstate 80

IR Installation Restoration

IRP Installation Restoration Program

ISA Initial Site Assessment

km Kilometer or kilometers

L_eq Equivalent Sound Level

LRT Light Rail Transit

LTMS Long-Term Management Strategy

LUST Leaking Underground Storage Tank

m Meter or meters

MCE Maximum Credible Earthquake

MOA Memorandum of Agreement

MOU Memorandum of Understanding

MPN Most Probable Number

MPO Metropolitan Planning Organization

MSL Mean Sea Level

MTC Metropolitan Transportation Commission

MUNI San Francisco Municipal Railway

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards

NAC Noise Abatement Criteria

NAVSTA-TI Naval Station Treasure Island

NEPA National Environmental Policy Act

NES/BA Natural Environment Study and Biological Assessment

NGVD National Geodetic Vertical Datum

NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service

NOI Notice of Intent

NO_x Nitrogen Oxides

NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

NRHP National Register of Historic Places

NWP Nationwide Permit

O₃ Ozone

OARB Oakland Army Base

OBRA Oakland Army Base Reuse Authority

OES Office of Emergency Services

PAH Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon

PA/SI Preliminary Assessment/Site Investigation

Pb Lead

PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyl

PCE Tetrachloroethene

PCM Permanent Control Measures

PDT Project Development Team

PG&E Pacific Gas and Electric Company

PM_2.5 Particulate Matter with an Aerodynamic Diameter less than 2.5 Micrometers

PM₁₀ Particulate Matter with an Aerodynamic Diameter less than Ten Micrometers

PPE Personal Protective Equipment

ppm Parts per Million

PSI Preliminary Site Investigation

ROD Record of Decision

RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

RMP Regional Monitoring Program

RTIP Regional Transportation Improvement Program

RTP Regional Transportation Plan

RWQCB Bay Area Regional Water Quality Control Board

SARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act

SCPBRG Santa Cruz Predatory Bird Research Group

SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act

SF San Francisco

SFEI San Francisco Estuary Institute

SFFD San Francisco Fire Department

SHPO State Historic Preservation Officer

SIP State Implementation Plan

SFOBB San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge

SFWD San Francisco Water Department

SO₂ Sulfur Dioxides

SVOC Semi-Volatile Organic Compound

SWPPP Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan

TI Treasure Island

TIDRP Treasure Island Draft Reuse Plan

TIHDI Treasure Island Homeless Development Initiative

TIP Transportation Improvement Program

TMP Transportation Management Plan

TPH Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons

TRPH Total Recoverable Petroleum Hydrocarbons

TSCA Toxic Substance Control Act

TSM Transportation Systems Management

ug/m³ Micrograms per Cubic Meter

ug/L Micrograms per Liter

USC United States Code

USCG U.S. Coast Guard

USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture

USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

USGS U.S. Geological Survey

UST Underground Storage Tank

VOC Volatile Organic Compound

WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant

YBI Yerba Buena Island